References
Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW, Wagner EH: Clinical epidemiology: the essentials, Baltimore, 1982, Williams & Wilkins.Hill AB: The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58:295-300, 1965.Whitaker TN: What causes the disease? In Scheinberg LC, editor: Multiple sclerosis, New York, 1983, Raven Press.
The Criteria Strength of AssociationAdams JM, Imagawa D: Measles antibodies in multiple sclerosis, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 111:562-566,1962.
Consistency of AssociationGray LA, Christopherson WM, Hoover RN: Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma, Obstet Gynecol 49:385-389, 1977.Horwitz RI, Feinstein AR: Alternative analytic methods for case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer, N Engl J Med 299:1089-1094, 1978.Mack TM, Pike MC, Henderson BE: Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community, N Engl J Med 294:1262-1267, 1976.McDonald TW, Annegers JF, O’Fallon WM: Exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma: case-control and incidence study, Am J Obstet Gynecol 127:572-580, 1977.Norrby E: Viral antibodies in multiple sclerosis, Prog Med Virol 24:1-39, 1978.Smith DC, Prentice R, Thompson DJ: Association of exogenous estrogens and endometrial carcinoma, N Engl J Med 293:1164-1167, 1975.Ziel HK, Finkle WD: Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens, N Engl J Med 293:1167-1170, 1975.
Specificity of AssociationBuchanan WD: Asbestos-related diseases: I. Introduction. In Michaels L, Chissick SS, editors: Asbestos: properties, applications and hazards, vol 1, New York, 1979, Wiley.McDonald JC, McDonald AD: Epidemiology of mesothelioma from estimated incidence, Prev Med 6:426-446, 1977.
Temporality of AssociationDyer AR: A method for combining results from several prospective epidemiological studies, Stat Med 5:303-317, 1986.Eisenherg L: The fathers of autistic children, Am J Orthopsychiatry 27:715-724, 1957.Eisenberg L, Kanner L: Early infantile autism 1943-55, Am J Orthopsychiatry 26:556-566, 1956.Pitfield M, Oppenheim AN: Child rearing attitudes of mothers of psychotic children, J Child Psychol Psychiatry 5:51-57, 1964.
Biologic GradientNewhouse M: Asbestos-related diseases: IV. Epidemiology of asbestos-related disease. In Michaels L, Chissick SS, editors: Asbestos: properties, applications and hazards, vol 1, New York, 1979, Wily.
Biologic PlausibilityManr JL: The immune system “belongs in the body,” Science 227:1190-1192, 1985.ter Meulen V, Stephenson JR: The possible role of viral infections in multiple sclerosis and other related demyelinating diseases. In Hallpike JF, Adams CWM, Tourtelloutte WW, editors: Multiple sclerosis: pathology, diagnosis and management, London, 1983, Chapman & Hall.
CoherenceBloch A: Murphy’s law, and other reasons why things go wrong, Los Angeles, 1979, Prince/Stern/Sloan.Carp RI, Warner HB, Merz GS: Viral etiology of multiple sclerosis, Prog Med Virol 24:158-177, 1978.
Experimental EvidenceBloch AB, Orenstein WA, Wassilak SG: Epidemiology of measles and its complications. In Gruenberg EM, Lewis C, Goldston SE, editors: Vaccinating against brain syndromes: the campaign against measles and rubella, New York, 1986, Oxford University Press.Kurtzke JF, Hyllested K: Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands: I. Clinical and epidemiological features, Ann Neurol 5:6-21, 1979.
SummaryBuck C: Popper’s philosophy for epidemiologists, Intl J Epidemiol 4:159-168, 1975.
ExamplesMcKeown T: The modern rise of population, London, 1976, Edward Arnold.Morris JN, Heady JA, Raffle PAB. Physique of London busmen: epidemiology of uniforms. Lancet, Sept. 15, 1956:169-570.Morris JN, Heady JA, Raffle PAB et al: Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work, Lancet: Nov 21, 1953:1053-1057.Ney P: Relationship between abortion and child abuse, Can J Psychiatry 24:10-20, 1979.
Content on this page was last changed on March 19, 2009.
© 2002 BC Decker Inc. Show Disclaimer
| 5476. | Streiner DL, Norman GR. PDQ Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc.; 1996. |